[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
About the Journal
Editorial Board
Aims& Scopes
Journal News
Articles archive::
All Issues
Current Issue
Browse by Authors
Browse by Keywords
For Authors::
Call for Papers
Submission Instruction
Submission Form
For Reviewers::
Reviewers Section
Registration::
Registration Information
Registration Form
Contact us::
Contact Information
Contact us
Site Facilities::
Site map
Search contents
FAQ
Top 10 contents
Inform to friends
::
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
:: Volume 3, Issue 1 (بهار 2025) ::
Health Res Develop 2025, 3(1): 51-59 Back to browse issues page
Assessment of Physicochemical and Microbial Indicators of Swimming Pool Water in Bojnourd City and Comparison with Standard Values in 2024
Sayyedeh Nastaran Asadzade1 , Nima Firoze *2 , Mobin Yasini1 , Mohadse Heydari1 , Mobina Arabkhani1
1- NKUMS, NKUMS
2- NKUMS, NKUMS , Nimafirouzeh4@gmail.com
Abstract:   (94 Views)
Background: Swimming pools play an important role in public health, as they are not only recreational facilities but also have therapeutic significance. Direct contact of pool water with swimmers’ bodies can lead to the transmission of fungal, microbial, and gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, strict monitoring of pool water quality is essential. The aim of this study was to monitor the physicochemical and microbial indicators of swimming pool water in Bojnourd city and to compare the results with standard values.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024. Sampling was carried out once a month over a period of nine months (spring, summer, and autumn), with 18 samples collected per season, totaling 54 samples. The parameters analyzed included turbidity, free chlorine, temperature, and pH, as well as microbial indicators such as heterotrophic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fecal streptococci, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 16.
Results: Total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, and heterotrophic bacteria were within the acceptable range in 72.79%, 62.5%, 95.73%, and 80.19% of the samples, respectively. The values for turbidity, free chlorine, temperature, and pH met the standards in 61.35%, 59.88%, 78.68%, and 67.33% of the samples, respectively.
Conclusion: Given that not all physicochemical and microbial parameters were in compliance with the standards, continuous monitoring of swimming pool water quality is essential to prevent the transmission of infections to both staff and swimmers.
 
Keywords: Swimming pool, standard, microbial indicators, physicochemical indicators
Full-Text [PDF 883 kb]   (47 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original | Subject: Special
Received: 2025/02/4 | Accepted: 2025/04/17 | Published: 2025/04/28
References
1. Chau KM, Carroll K, Li XF. Swimming benefits outweigh risks of exposure to disinfection byproducts in pools. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2025 Jun 1;152:527-34.. [DOI:10.1016/j.jes.2024.05.040]
2. Rezaei S, Farrokhzadeh H, Ghorbani E, Hasanzadeh A. Qualitative Indicators of Water in Swimming Pools in Shahinshahr, Iran, in 2011. J Health Syst Res 2017; 13 (1) :46-51
3. Yusri WM, Ramli MH, Khusaini NS, Mohamed Z. IoT based water quality monitoring system and test for swimming pool water physicochemical quality. InAIP Conference Proceedings 2023, 2609 (1). AIP Publishing. [DOI:10.1063/5.0124195]
4. Lourencetti C, Ballester C, Fernández P, Marco E, Prado C, Periago JF, et al. New method for determination of trihalomethanes in exhaled breath: applications to swimming pool and bath environments. Analytica chimica acta. 2010;662(1):23-30 [DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2009.12.040]
5. Natnael T, Hassen S, Desye B, Woretaw L. Physicochemical and bacteriological quality of swimming pools water in Kombolcha Town, Northeastern Ethiopia. Frontiers in Public Health. 2024 Jan 8;11:1260034. [DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1260034]
6. Fakorede CN, Olayinka AA, Fatokun EN, Agbetuyi AS. Assessment of Bacteriological Quality of Public Swimming Pool Water in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 2024 17;28(12):4201-6. [DOI:10.4314/jasem.v28i12.32]
7. Molazadeh P, Khanjani N, Rahimi M, Molazadeh A, Rahimi A. Fungal and Biological Contamination and Physicochemical Quality of Swimming Pools Water in Kerman, 2014 -2015:A Short Report. JRUMS 2016; 15 (5) :491-500.
8. Lutz JK, Lee J. Prevalence and antimicrobial-resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in swimming pools and hot tubs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2011;8(2):554-64 [DOI:10.3390/ijerph8020554]
9. Bahmani P, Maleki A, Salimi M, Sadeghi S. Survey Physico-Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sanandaj City Swimming Pools Water. JEHE 2015; 2 (2) :89-97 [DOI:10.18869/acadpub.jehe.2.2.89]
10. Hashemi AA, Dehghanzadeh R, Taghipour H, Gasemzadeh V. Evaluation of chemical and microbial water quality in public swimming pools and jacuzzis in Tabriz. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. 2012;33(6):19-24.
11. Asl Hashemi. Investigating the status of the quantity and quality of swimming pool water in the city of Saqqez. Application of Chemistry in the Environment. 2020;11(43):13-7.‎
12. 12 .Rashidi, Rajab, Yarahmadi, Turan. Investigating the sanitary status of swimming pool water in Lorestan province and comparing it with the existing standards in Iran. Findings. 2020;22(1):96-109.‎
13. Firouzi Parisa, Aslani Hassan, Asl Hashemi Ahmad. Study of environmental health status, physicochemical and microbial quality of swimming pool water in Tabriz city in 2016-2017. Health and Environment 2018;11(4):613-625.
14. Haqmorad Koresti Afsaneh, Nazari Razieh, Zargar Mohsen. Investigation of microbial contamination of public swimming pool water with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their physical parameters in Kermanshah city. Journal of Qom University of Medical Sciences 2016;10(7):65-73.
15. Dehghani H, Mohammad, Kamal, Mohammadi. Investigation of the physicochemical and microbial quality of water in public swimming pools in Tehran. Journal of Research in Environmental Health. 2015;1(1):29-35.
16. Yazdan Bakhsh, Ahmad Reza, Mohseni Bandpi, Anoushirvan, Bay, Abu Taleb, Sadeghi. Investigating the relationship between physicochemical characteristics and microbial contamination in jacuzzi water and swimming pools in Golestan province. Journal of Environmental Health Research. 2016 21;2(1):71-80.
17. Rasti, Asadi, Iranshahi, Hoshyar, Gilasi, Zahiri, Azadeh. Investigation of parasitic and fungal contamination and physicochemical parameters of water in indoor swimming pools in Kashan city during 2008-2010. Feyz Journal of Medical Sciences. 2011;15(1):74-80.‎‎
18. Ismail Z, Ramli S, Mohamed NA, Ithnin M. Assessment of Pathogens and Water Quality in Residential Swimming Pools in Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences. 2024;20(5).
19. Rezaee S, Farokhzadeh H, Ghorbani A, Hasanzadeh A. Investigating the Quality Indicators of the Water in the Swimming Pools of Shahin Shahr, Iran. Health System Research Journal. 2017; 13(1): 46-51. (In Persian)
20. Hajjartabar M. Poor-quality water in swimming pools associated with a substantial risk of otitis externa due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Water Sci Technol 2004; 50(1): 63-7. [DOI:10.2166/wst.2004.0020]
21. Jafari Mansoorian H, Rajabizadeh A, Jafari M, Doulatshahi Sh, Hatami B. Water Health indices in kerman swimming pools in 2011. J of Health Development 2013; 2(2): 128 -37[.Farsi]
22. Rabi A, Khader Y, Alkafajei A, Aqoulah AA. Sanitary conditions of public swimming pools in Amman, Jordan. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2008;5(3):152. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph5030152]
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA

Research code: 4030051
Ethics code: IR.NKUMS.REC.1403.142

XML   Persian Abstract   Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Asadzade S N, Firoze N, Yasini M, Heydari M, arabkhani M. (2025). Assessment of Physicochemical and Microbial Indicators of Swimming Pool Water in Bojnourd City and Comparison with Standard Values in 2024. Health Res Develop. 3(1), 51-59. doi:10.61186/jhrd.3.1.51
URL: http://jhrd.trjums.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.html
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (بهار 2025) Back to browse issues page
پژوهش و توسعه سلامت Health research and development
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.07 seconds with 37 queries by YEKTAWEB 4710