1. JAMALINIK, Mehdi, et al. COVID-19; Symptoms, transmission methods, care and treatment techniques based on the latest evidence available: A narrative review study. Iran Occupational Health, 2020, 17.20: 17.‏

2. Peeples L. News Feature: Avoiding pitfalls in the pursuit of a COVID-19 vaccine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020;117(15):8218-21. [DOI:10.1073/pnas.2005456117] [PMID] []

3. Dastani M, Danesh F. Iranian COVID-19 Publications in LitCovid: Text Mining and Topic Modeling. Scientific Programming. 2021;2021. [DOI:10.1155/2021/3315695]

4. WHO. World health organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Situation Report-189 (2020).‏

5. GOLZARI, Samad EJ, et al. Clinical Findings and Related Factors with the Final Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: An Evidence Based Cross-Sectional Study. Archives of Anesthesia and Critical Care, 2025.‏ [DOI:10.18502/aacc.v11i2.17952]

6. World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. 7 December 2021.

7. World Health Organization. Number of COVID-19 cases reported to WHO

8. World, 28 days to 16 November 2025 16 Novamber 2025 [Available from: https://data.who.int/dashboards/covid19/cases.

9. Xu Z, Li S, Tian S, Li H, Kong L-q. Full spectrum of COVID-19 severity still being depicted. The Lancet. 2020;395(10228):947-8. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30308-1] [PMID]

10. Singh AK, Gupta R, Ghosh A, Misra A. Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020;14(4):303-10. [DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.004] [PMID] []

11. Zhao Q, Meng M, Kumar R, Wu Y, Huang J, Lian N, et al. The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of COVID‐19: A systemic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of medical virology. 2020;92(10):1915-21. [DOI:10.1002/jmv.25889] [PMID] []

12. NIU, Shengmei, et al. Clinical characteristics of older patients infected with COVID-19: A descriptive study. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 2020, 89: 104058.‏ [DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2020.104058] [PMID] []

13. Su L, Ma X, Yu H, Zhang Z, Bian P, Han Y, et al. The different clinical characteristics of corona virus disease cases between children and their families in China-the character of children with COVID-19. Emerging microbes & infections. 2020;9(1):707-13. [DOI:10.1080/22221751.2020.1744483] [PMID] []

14. Pan F, Ye T, Sun P, Gui S, Liang B, Li L, et al. Time course of lung changes at chest CT during recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Radiology. 2020;295(3):715-21. [DOI:10.1148/radiol.2020200370] [PMID] []

15. world Health Organization. Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid 19) in suspected in human cases: interim guidance, 2 March 2020.

16. Xian Z, Nakaya T, Sabel CE, Okubo R, Liu K, Zhang J, et al. Lower suicidal ideation linked to easier access to urban green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide study in Japan. Cities. 2026;168:106458. [DOI:10.1016/j.cities.2025.106458]

17. Wickens CM, Vingilis E, Agic B, Beirness D, Brubacher J, Chen S, et al. Changes in driving after use of alcohol, cannabis, or both substances during the COVID-19 pandemic: Surveying a representative sample of Canadian drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2026;116:103408. [DOI:10.1016/j.trf.2025.103408]

18. Javanmardi K, Feizollahzadeh H, Gilani N, Dadashzadeh A, Dehghannejad J. Exposure Risk Assessment and Management of Pre-hospital Paramedics During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly. 2026;11(2):139-50.

19. Monod M, Blenkinsop A, Xi X, Hebert D, Bershan S, Tietze S, et al. Age groups that sustain resurging COVID-19 epidemics in the United States. Science. 2021;371(6536):eabe8372. [DOI:10.1126/science.abe8372] [PMID] []

20. Davies NG, Klepac P, Liu Y, Prem K, Jit M, Eggo RM. Age-dependent effects in the transmission and control of COVID-19 epidemics. Nature medicine. 2020;26(8):1205-11. [DOI:10.1038/s41591-020-0962-9] [PMID]

21. MIRJALILI, Mohammad Reza, et al. COVID-19 seroepidemiology study of Yazd province, first peak, Spring 2020: A population-based cross-sectional study. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 2020. [DOI:10.18502/ssu.v28i12.5780]

22. Guan W-j, Ni Z-y, Hu Y, Liang W-h, Ou C-q, He J-x, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England journal of medicine. 2020;382(18):1708-20. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032] [PMID] []

23. Zhang J, Liu S, Zhu B. Fever screening methods in public places during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2021;109:123-4. [DOI:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.11.011] [PMID] []

24. World Health Organization. Oxygen sources and distribution for COVID-19 treatment centres: interim guidance, 4 April 2020. No. WHO/2019-nCoV/Oxygen_sources/2020.1. World Health Organization, 2020.‏

25. Mellado-Artigas R, Ferreyro BL, Angriman F, Hernández-Sanz M, Arruti E, Torres A, et al. High-flow nasal oxygen in patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory failure. Critical Care. 2021;25(1):1-10. [DOI:10.1186/s13054-021-03469-w] [PMID] []

26. Lai C-C, Shih T-P, Ko W-C, Tang H-J, Hsueh P-R. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2020;55(3):105924. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924] [PMID] []

27. Ganji A, Mosayebi G, Khaki M, Ghazavi A. A review of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (Covid-19): Immunopathogenesis, molecular biology and clinical aspects. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 2020;23(1):8-21. [DOI:10.32598/JAMS.23.1.51.5]

28. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama. 2020;323(13):1239-42. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.2648] [PMID]

29. Wang Z, Yang B, Li Q, Wen L, Zhang R. Clinical features of 69 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. Clinical infectious diseases. 2020;71(15):769-77. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa272 [DOI:10.1093/cid/ciaa225] [PMID] []

30. Tian Y, Rong L, Nian W, He Y. gastrointestinal features in COVID‐19 and the possibility of faecal transmission. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2020;51(9):843-51. [DOI:10.1111/apt.15731] [PMID] []

31. Vacchiano V, Riguzzi P, Volpi L, Tappatà M, Avoni P, Rizzo G, et al. Early neurological manifestations of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Neurological Sciences. 2020;41(8):2029-31. [DOI:10.1007/s10072-020-04525-z] [PMID] []

32. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA neurology. 2020;77(6):683-90. [DOI:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127] [PMID] []

33. Rocke J, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Kumar N. Is loss of sense of smell a diagnostic marker in COVID‐19: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2020;45(6):914-22. [DOI:10.1111/coa.13620] [PMID] []

34. Goncalves S, Goldstein BJ. Pathophysiology of olfactory disorders and potential treatment strategies. Current otorhinolaryngology reports. 2016;4(2):115-21. [DOI:10.1007/s40136-016-0113-5] [PMID] []